How to show memory usage in Linux

By webmaster • 2 years ago • Linux

You could use many tools to view memory usage information in Linux, and it's available in both graphical and command-line form.

Every graphical Linux distribution would bundle the desktop environment's default resource monitoring tools, such as System Monitor for GNOME or Resource Monitor for KDE. The bundled command-line tools, however, are similar for most Linux distributions.

The most common and widely available command-line tools to view memory usage in Linux are free and top. Both tools are handy when using the terminal, such as connecting to the system remotely via SSH or performing some automation tasks using shell scripts.

Steps to display memory usage information in Linux:

Launch our preferred terminal application.

Display basic memory usage information using free.

$ free               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available Mem:        2013428      999352      113610        6188      900376      842184 Swap:        969960         524      969436

Display basic memory usage information using free in human readable format.

$ free -h               total        used        free      shared  buff/cache   available Mem:          1.9Gi       976Mi       111Mi       6.0Mi       879Mi       822Mi Swap:         947Mi       0.0Ki       946Mi

More options for free command:

$ free --help  Usage:  free [options]  Options:  -b, --bytes         show output in bytes      --kilo          show output in kilobytes      --mega          show output in megabytes      --giga          show output in gigabytes      --tera          show output in terabytes      --peta          show output in petabytes  -k, --kibi          show output in kibibytes  -m, --mebi          show output in mebibytes  -g, --gibi          show output in gibibytes      --tebi          show output in tebibytes      --pebi          show output in pebibytes  -h, --human         show human-readable output      --si            use powers of 1000 not 1024  -l, --lohi          show detailed low and high memory statistics  -t, --total         show total for RAM + swap  -s N, --seconds N   repeat printing every N seconds  -c N, --count N     repeat printing N times, then exit  -w, --wide          wide output       --help     display this help and exit  -V, --version  output version information and exit  For more details see free(1).

Display application memory usage using top.

$ top -n1 -o %MEM top - 16:25:49 up 40 min,  2 users,  load average: 0.08, 0.23, 0.34 Tasks: 281 total,   1 running, 280 sleeping,   0 stopped,   0 zombie %Cpu(s):  5.9 us, 17.6 sy,  0.0 ni, 76.5 id,  0.0 wa,  0.0 hi,  0.0 si,  0.0 st MiB Mem :   1966.2 total,    108.4 free,    975.9 used,    881.9 buff/cache MiB Swap:    947.2 total,    946.7 free,      0.5 used.    822.1 avail Mem     PID USER      PR  NI    VIRT    RES    SHR S  %CPU  %MEM     TIME+ COMMAND   1511 user      20   0 2575320 203944  87640 S   0.0  10.1   0:44.31 gnome-shell   1931 user      20   0  777408 119956  36288 S   0.0   6.0   0:03.91 gnome-software   2385 user      20   0 1393488  99916  54312 S   0.0   5.0   1:04.11 rhythmbox   2054 user      20   0 1043436  97064  44896 S   0.0   4.8   0:09.76 streamtuner2   1745 user      20   0  803280  56900  45324 S   0.0   2.8   0:00.44 evolution-alarm   1374 user      20   0  259016  54708  32968 S   0.0   2.7   0:15.65 Xorg   1930 user      20   0  986610  45828  33144 S   0.0   2.3   0:04.31 gnome-terminal-   1933 user      20   0  702652  39440  25932 S   0.0   2.0   0:00.31 seahorse   1771 user      20   0  344420  37420  29520 S   0.0   1.9   0:03.53 vmtoolsd   1788 user      20   0  750852  33624  28984 S   0.0   1.7   0:00.31 evolution-calen   1589 user      20   0  628356  32944  27610 S   0.0   1.6   0:00.12 goa-daemon   1801 user      20   0  695356  30780  27012 S   0.0   1.5   0:00.06 evolution-addre   2341 user      20   0  518056  29224  22776 S   0.0   1.5   0:00.29 update-notifier   1610 user      20   0  499596  28968  24656 S   0.0   1.4   0:00.12 evolution-sourc    641 root      20   0  676140  27736  13008 S   0.0   1.4   0:03.15 snapd    411 root      19  -1   58116  27384  25840 S   0.0   1.4   0:01.77 systemd-journal   1553 user      20   0  295756  26080  16944 S   0.0   1.3   0:00.77 ibus-extension-   1647 user      20   0  925768  25924  18964 S   0.0   1.3   0:00.48 gsd-media-keys   1660 user      20   0  515152  24880  18260 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.28 gsd-color   1640 user      20   0  369336  24764  18168 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.24 gsd-power   1666 user      20   0  367312  24732  17764 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.31 gsd-xsettings   1746 user      20   0  472812  23856  11652 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.25 tracker-store   1638 user      20   0  366800  23796  17368 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.23 gsd-keyboard   1557 user      20   0  218820  23624  17328 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.22 ibus-x11   1576 user      20   0  518380  23408  20332 S   0.0   1.2   0:00.09 gnome-shell-cal   1654 user      20   0  294528  23128  16672 S   0.0   1.1   0:00.22 gsd-wacom   1652 user      20   0  218360  22776  16488 S   0.0   1.1   0:00.75 gsd-clipboard    771 root      20   0  131004  21936  13820 S   0.0   1.1   0:00.31 unattended-upgr   1752 user      39  19  519912  21832  14252 S   0.0   1.1   0:00.17 tracker-miner-f   2034 root      20   0  389564  20808  17412 S   0.0   1.0   0:00.23 fwupd   1592 user       9 -11 2217220  19200  15460 S   5.9   1.0   2:47.65 pulseaudio    612 root      20   0   52112  18992  10972 S   0.0   0.9   0:00.23 networkd-dispat    632 root      20   0  424316  18976  16120 S   0.0   0.9   0:00.51 NetworkManager   1761 user      39  19  661240  18916  11748 S   0.0   0.9   0:00.15 tracker-miner-a    835 whoopsie  20   0  331610  15532  13660 S   0.0   0.8   0:00.07 whoopsie   1674 user      20   0  321672  15344  13440 S   0.0   0.8   0:00.02 gsd-datetime   1382 user      20   0  583368  15296  12536 S   0.0   0.8   0:00.22 gnome-session-b   1314 colord    20   0  257832  13772   8788 S   0.0   0.7   0:00.22 colord   1698 user      20   0  367052  13392  11628 S   0.0   0.7   0:00.02 gsd-printer    652 root      20   0  393988  12752  10204 S   0.0   0.6   0:00.18 udisksd    684 root      20   0  182624  11972  10412 S   0.0   0.6   0:00.12 cups-browsed    540 root      20   0  133576  11610  10264 S   0.0   0.6   0:02.97 vmtoolsd

Display specific application memory usage using top

$ top -n1 -o %MEM | grep rhythmbox   2385 user      20   0 1393488  99916  54312 S   6.2   5.0   1:06.10 rhythmbox

More options for top command:

$ top -help   procps-ng 3.3.15 Usage:   top -hv | -bcEHiOSs1 -d secs -n max -u|U user -p pid(s) -o field -w [cols]

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{e&&window.ttq.instance(this.identifier).track(e.event)}))}isLoaded(){return!!window.ttq}}const ADS_PARAM$1="?caf",MESSAGE_PREFIX="FSXDC,.aCS:",ALLOWED_ORIGINS=["https://www.google.com","https://www.adsensecustomsearchads.com","https://syndicatedsearch.goog","https://googleadservices.com"];class Pixels{static build(e){const t=unpackPHPArrayObject(e,"pixel_tracking_data");if(t)return t.useAltTikTokEventsForAdsPlatformUser=e.is_ads,new Pixels(t)}constructor(e){this.onPixelEvent=e=>{const{detail:{type:t}}=e;switch(t){case"visit":case"ctr":case"click":this.providers.forEach((e=>e.handlePixelEvent(t)))}},this.providers=[new Facebook(e.facebook),new Tiktok(e.tiktok,e.useAltTikTokEventsForAdsPlatformUser),new Taboola(e.taboola),new Revcontent(e.revcontent),new Outbrain(e.outbrain)]}listenForEvents(){document.addEventListener("pixel",(e=>{this.onPixelEvent(e)}));window.onmessage=e=>{const{origin:t,data:n}=e;ALLOWED_ORIGINS.includes(t)&&(null==n?void 0:n.startsWith(MESSAGE_PREFIX))&&window.location.search.startsWith(ADS_PARAM$1)&&document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pixel",{detail:{type:"click"}}))}}dispatchEvent(e){document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("pixel",{detail:e}))}}var State;!function(e){e[e.Pending=0]="Pending",e[e.Loaded=1]="Loaded",e[e.Failure=2]="Failure",e[e.TimedOut=3]="TimedOut",e[e.Errored=4]="Errored"}(State||(State={}));const CAF_SCRIPT_SRC=`https://www.google.com/adsense/domains/caf.js?${GOOGLE_MV3_URL_PARAMS}`,TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS=Number(GOOGLE_CAF_TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS),TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS=Number(GOOGLE_CAF_TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS);class StateMachine{constructor(){this.state=State.Pending}transitionTo(e){this.state=e}transitionFromPendingTo(e){this.done||(this.state=e)}get loaded(){return this.state===State.Loaded}get timedOut(){return this.state===State.TimedOut}get done(){return this.state!==State.Pending}}class Ads{constructor(e,t){this.state={script:new StateMachine,blocks:new StateMachine},this.blocksLoaded=[],this.injectScriptTags=()=>__awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return new Promise((e=>{const t=document.createElement("script");t.type="text/javascript",t.src=CAF_SCRIPT_SRC,t.addEventListener("load",(()=>e(!0))),t.addEventListener("error",(()=>e(!1))),document.body.appendChild(t),TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS>0&&setTimeout((()=>e(!1)),TIMEOUT_SCRIPTS)}))})),this.onPageLoaded=(e,t)=>{if(this.pageLoaded={requestAccepted:e,status:t},this.state.script.done)return;const n=null==t?void 0:t.error_code;n?(this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.failureReason=`caf_pageloaderror_${n}`):this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Loaded)},this.onBlockLoaded=(e,t,n,i)=>{this.blocksLoaded.push({containerName:e,adsLoaded:t,isExperimentVariant:n,callbackOptions:i}),this.state.blocks.done||(t?this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Loaded):this.blocksLoaded.length>=this.blocks.length&&(this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.failureReason=`caf_adloadfail_${e}`))},this.onTimeout=()=>{this.state.script.transitionFromPendingTo(State.TimedOut),this.state.blocks.transitionFromPendingTo(State.TimedOut)},this.blocks=e,this.options=t}get loaded(){return this.state.script.loaded&&!this.blocksLoaded.map((e=>e.adsLoaded)).includes(!1)}waitForBlocks(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return new Promise((e=>{const t=()=>{const n=performance.now();if(this.state.blocks.done)return this.cafLoadTime=Math.round(n-this.cafStartTime),void e();const i=this.blocksLoaded.map((e=>e.adsLoaded));i.includes(!1)||i.length>=this.blocks.length?e():setTimeout(t,50)};t()}))}))}inject(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){try{const e=yield this.injectScriptTags();return this.cafStartTime=performance.now(),e&&void 0!==window.google?(new window.google.ads.domains.Caf(Object.assign(Object.assign({},this.options),{pageLoadedCallback:this.onPageLoaded,adLoadedCallback:this.onBlockLoaded}),...this.blocks),TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS>0&&setTimeout(this.onTimeout,TIMEOUT_CALLBACKS),yield new Promise((e=>{const t=()=>{this.state.script.done?e():setTimeout(t,10)};t()}))):void this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure)}catch(e){return void(this.error=e.toString())}}))}toCallbacks(){return{adLoadedCallback:this.blocksLoaded.slice(-1)[0],pageLoadedCallback:this.pageLoaded,cafTimedOut:this.state.script.timedOut||this.state.blocks.timedOut,cafLoadedMs:this.cafLoadTime,googleAdsFailure:!!this.failureReason}}toContext(){const e={cafScriptWasLoaded:this.state.script.loaded,cafScriptLoadTime:this.cafLoadTime,callbacks:this.toCallbacks};return this.error&&(e.js_error={message:this.error}),this.state.script.loaded||(e.zeroclick={reason:"googleAdsFailure"}),e}mockFailedState(){this.state.blocks.transitionTo(State.Failure),this.state.script.transitionTo(State.Failure)}}class TagManager{constructor(e){this.injected=!1,this.identifier=e}inject(){if(this.injected)return;if(!this.identifier)return;if("TEST"===this.identifier)return;const e=document.createElement("script");e.setAttribute("src",`https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=${this.identifier}`),document.head.appendChild(e),this.track(),this.injected=!0}track(){this.push("js",new Date),this.push("config",this.identifier)}push(e,t){window.dataLayer||(window.dataLayer=[]),window.dataLayer.push(arguments)}}const ADS_PARAM="caf",ADS_TRACKING_URL="_tr",BLOCKS_TYPE="ads",BLOCKS_CONTAINER="rs",KNOWN_CAF_PARAMS=["caf","query","afdToken","pcsa","nb","nm","nx","ny","is","clkt"];class Google{static build({pageOptions:e,preferredLanguage:t,blocks:n,googleAnalytics:i},s,a,o){let r={};e&&(r=Object.assign({},e),r.hl||(r.hl=t));let d=null==e?void 0:e.resultsPageBaseUrl;d||(d=window.location.origin);return new Google(s.uuid,n,r,i,d,o)}constructor(e,t,n,i,s,a){this._blocks=t,this._pageOptions=n,this.uuid=e,this._baseURL=new URL(s),this._signature=a,this.ads=new Ads(this.blocks,this.pageOptions),this.tagManager=new TagManager(i)}injectTagManager(){this.tagManager.inject()}injectAds(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){yield this.ads.inject()}))}waitForBlocks(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return this.ads.waitForBlocks()}))}get blocks(){return(this._blocks||[]).filter((e=>this.wantsToServeAds?e.type===BLOCKS_TYPE:e.container===BLOCKS_CONTAINER)).map((e=>{const t=this.baseURL;new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).forEach(((e,n)=>{t.searchParams.has(n)||t.searchParams.append(n,e)}));const n=Object.assign({},e);if(n.resultsPageBaseUrl=t.toString(),this.wantsToServeAds){const e=new URLSearchParams;e.append("click","true"),e.append("session",this.uuid);const t=Object.assign({},this._signature);delete t.ad_loaded_callback,delete t.caf_loaded_ms,delete t.caf_timed_out,delete t.flex_rule,delete t.frame,delete t.js_error,delete t.no_ads_redirect,delete t.page_headers,delete t.page_request,delete t.page_loaded_callback,delete t.popup,delete t.screen_resolution,delete t.user_has_ad_blocker,delete t.user_preference,delete t.user_supports_darkmode,delete t.user_using_darkmode,delete t.zeroclick,e.append("signature",encode(t)),n.clicktrackUrl=`${TRACKING_DOMAIN}${ADS_TRACKING_URL}?${e.toString()}`}return n}))}get baseURL(){const e=new URL(this._baseURL.origin);return e.searchParams.append(ADS_PARAM,"1"),this._baseURL.searchParams.forEach(((t,n)=>{e.searchParams.append(n,t)})),e}get pageOptions(){const e=Object.assign({},this._pageOptions);return Object.keys(this._pageOptions).forEach((t=>{t.startsWith("bodis")&&delete e[t]})),e}get cannotLoadAds(){return!this.ads.loaded}get wantsToServeAds(){return new URLSearchParams(window.location.search).has(ADS_PARAM)}get adsMode(){return this.ads.loaded&&this.wantsToServeAds}get adsReady(){return this.wantsToServeAds&&!this.cannotLoadAds}get noAdsRedirectUrl(){const e=new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);return KNOWN_CAF_PARAMS.forEach((t=>e.delete(t))),`${window.location.origin}?${e.toString()}`}get callbacks(){return this.ads.toCallbacks()}toContext(){return Object.assign({blocks:this.blocks,pageOptions:this.pageOptions},this.ads.toContext())}}class CookieConsentManager{constructor(){this.injectScriptTag=()=>__awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){return new Promise((e=>{const t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src",COOKIE_CONSENT_JS_URL),t.addEventListener("load",(()=>this.awaitConsent(e))),t.addEventListener("error",(()=>e(!1))),document.head.appendChild(t)}))}))}inject(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.injected||!COOKIE_CONSENT_JS_URL||isLocal()||(this.injected=yield this.injectScriptTag())}))}awaitConsent(e){let t=0;const n=setInterval((()=>{t+=1,20===t&&(clearInterval(n),e(!0)),void 0!==window.__tcfapi&&(window.addEventListener("ConsentActivity",(t=>{const{detail:{status:n}}=t;n&&e(!0)})),clearInterval(n))}),50)}}class App{main(){var e,t;return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){if(this.parkResponse=decode(),this.findDomainResponse=yield getFindDomain(),!this.findDomainResponse)throw new Error("Domain failed to load.");this.pixels=Pixels.build(this.findDomainResponse),null===(e=this.pixels)||void 0===e||e.listenForEvents(),this.adblock=new Adblock,yield this.adblock.inject(),this.google=Google.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.parkResponse,this.adblock,buildSignature({context:this.context,callbacks:null===(t=this.google)||void 0===t?void 0:t.callbacks},"click")),this.google.injectTagManager();const n=Parking.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.google);Render.prerender(n),this.cookieConsentManager=new CookieConsentManager,yield this.cookieConsentManager.inject();let i=Failed.cannotPark(this.findDomainResponse);if(i)return void(yield this.transitionToFailed(i,n));yield this.google.injectAds();let s=Disabled.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.adblock.state);if(s)return void(yield this.transitionToDisabled(s,n));const a=this.adblock.hasAdblocker();a&&this.adblock.handleAdblocked();const o=Sales.build(this.findDomainResponse);if(o)return void(yield this.transitionToSales(o));this.eligibleForZeroClick&&(this.zeroClickResponse=yield getZeroClick(this.context));const r=Redirect.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.zeroClickResponse,this.google);if(r)yield this.transitionToRedirect(r);else{if(a)return s=Disabled.build(this.findDomainResponse,this.adblock.state),void(yield this.transitionToDisabled(s,n));i=Failed.noSponsors(this.google),i?yield this.transitionToFailed(i,n):yield this.transitionToParking(n)}}))}transitionToParking(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,Render.template(e),Render.revealPage(),yield this.google.waitForBlocks(),yield this.track()}))}transitionToRedirect(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e;const t=this.track();Render.revealPage(),yield waiter(e.delay,(e=>Render.loading(e))),yield t,window.location.href=e.url,log(`➡ Redirecting [${e.url}]`)}))}transitionToFailed(e,t){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,Render.message(e.message),Render.injectJS(t.javascript),Render.revealPage(),yield this.track()}))}transitionToSales(e){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,e.init(this.context),yield this.track()}))}transitionToDisabled(e,t){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){this.state=e,Render.message(e.message),Render.injectJS(t.javascript),Render.revealPage(),yield this.track()}))}track(){var e;return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){if(!this.state.track)return Promise.resolve();try{const t=this.state.trackingType;return null===(e=this.pixels)||void 0===e||e.dispatchEvent({type:t}),trackVisit({context:this.context,callbacks:this.google.callbacks},t)}catch(e){return}}))}get eligibleForZeroClick(){const{cannotPark:e,canZeroClick:t,zeroClick:n}=this.findDomainResponse,{cannotLoadAds:i,wantsToServeAds:s}=this.google;return this.adblock.state!==Blocking.BLOCKED&&(!!t&&(!!e||(!(!i||s)||!!(null==n?void 0:n.reason))))}get context(){var e,t,n,i;const s=this.findDomainResponse,a=this.parkResponse,o=null===(e=this.state)||void 0===e?void 0:e.toContext(),r=null===(t=this.adblock)||void 0===t?void 0:t.toContext(),d=null===(n=this.google)||void 0===n?void 0:n.toContext(),c=browserState(),l=Object.assign(Object.assign({},null===(i=this.findDomainResponse)||void 0===i?void 0:i.zeroClick),this.zeroClickResponse);return Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign(Object.assign({app_version:APP_VERSION},s),a),r),d),o),c),{zeroClick:l})}init(){return __awaiter(this,void 0,void 0,(function*(){try{window.__parkour=this,yield this.main()}catch(e){console.error("app",e);const t=Failed.fromError(e);this.state=t,Render.message(t.message),Render.revealPage()}}))}}(new App).init(),exports.App=App}));

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