The Linux kernel keeps the information about your computer or system hardware. You can view the hardware information using general tools such as dmidecode or specialized tools such as lscpu to get CPU-specific information and lsmem for memory. There are also subsystems such as procfs and sysfs that you can browse through to get the hardware information you need.

These tools are command-line based and are installed by default in most Linux distributions. You can use specific options of each tool to get the exact information you need or to use grep to filter out the output.

Related: [DRAFT] How to show disk information in Linux
Related: [DRAFT] How to show memory information in Linux
Related: [DRAFT] How to show CPU information in Linux

Steps to get hardware information in Linux:

  1. Launch terminal.
  2. List installed hardware using lshw. 

    $ sudo lshw [sudo] password for user:  host                             description: Computer     product: VMware Virtual Platform     vendor: VMware, Inc.     version: None     serial: VMware-56 4d 6d 49 cc cb 86 de-d4 ca fa ad 4b cf 54 30     width: 64 bits     capabilities: smbios-2.7 dmi-2.7 smp vsyscall32     configuration: administrator_password=enabled boot=normal frontpanel_password=unknown keyboard_password=unknown power-on_password=disabled uuid=564D6D49-CCCB-86DE-D4CA-FAAD4BCF5430   *-core        description: Motherboard        product: 440BX Desktop Reference Platform        vendor: Intel Corporation        physical id: 0        version: None        serial: None      *-firmware           description: BIOS           vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD           physical id: 0           version: 6.00           date: 07/22/2020           size: 86KiB           capabilities: isa pci pcmcia pnp apm upgrade shadowing escd cdboot bootselect edd int5printscreen int9keyboard int14serial int17printer int10video acpi smartbattery biosbootspecification netboot      *-cpu:0           description: CPU           product: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz           vendor: Intel Corp.           physical id: 1           bus info: cpu@0           version: Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz           slot: CPU #000           size: 2300MHz           capacity: 4230MHz           width: 64 bits           capabilities: lm fpu fpu_exception wp vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp x86-64 constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault invpcid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec xgetbv1 xsaves arat md_clear flush_l1d arch_capabilities           configuration: cores=1 enabledcores=1         *-cache:0              description: L1 cache              physical id: 0              slot: L1              size: 16KiB              capacity: 16KiB              capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back              configuration: level=1         *-cache:1              description: L1 cache              physical id: 1              slot: L1              size: 16KiB              capacity: 16KiB              capabilities: asynchronous internal write-back              configuration: level=1 ##### snipped

    More options for lshw: 

    $ lshw --help Hardware Lister (lshw) -  usage: lshw [-format] [-options ...]        lshw -version  	-version        print program version ()  format can be 	-html           output hardware tree as HTML 	-xml            output hardware tree as XML 	-json           output hardware tree as a JSON object 	-short          output hardware paths 	-businfo        output bus information  options can be 	-class CLASS    only show a certain class of hardware 	-C CLASS        same as '-class CLASS' 	-c CLASS        same as '-class CLASS' 	-disable TEST   disable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. ) 	-enable TEST    enable a test (like pci, isapnp, cpuid, etc. ) 	-quiet          don't display status 	-sanitize       sanitize output (remove sensitive information like serial numbers, etc.) 	-numeric        output numeric IDs (for PCI, USB, etc.) 	-notime         exclude volatile attributes (timestamps) from output

  3. List installed PCI devices using lspci. 

    $ lspci 00:00.0 Host bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX Host bridge (rev 01) 00:01.0 PCI bridge: Intel Corporation 440BX/ZX/DX - 82443BX/ZX/DX AGP bridge (rev 01) 00:07.0 ISA bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ISA (rev 08) 00:07.1 IDE interface: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 IDE (rev 01) 00:07.3 Bridge: Intel Corporation 82371AB/EB/MB PIIX4 ACPI (rev 08) 00:07.7 System peripheral: VMware Virtual Machine Communication Interface (rev 10) 00:0f.0 VGA compatible controller: VMware SVGA II Adapter 00:10.0 SCSI storage controller: Broadcom / LSI 53c1030 PCI-X Fusion-MPT Dual Ultra320 SCSI (rev 01) 00:11.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI bridge (rev 02) 00:15.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:15.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:15.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:15.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:15.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:15.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:15.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:15.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:16.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:16.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:16.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:16.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:16.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:16.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:16.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:16.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:17.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:17.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:17.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:17.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:17.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:17.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:17.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:17.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:18.0 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:18.1 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:18.2 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:18.3 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:18.4 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:18.5 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:18.6 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 00:18.7 PCI bridge: VMware PCI Express Root Port (rev 01) 02:00.0 USB controller: VMware USB1.1 UHCI Controller 02:01.0 Ethernet controller: Intel Corporation 82545EM Gigabit Ethernet Controller (Copper) (rev 01) 02:03.0 USB controller: VMware USB2 EHCI Controller 02:05.0 SATA controller: VMware SATA AHCI controller

    More options for lspci: 

    $ lspci help Usage: lspci [<switches>]  Basic display modes: -mm		Produce machine-readable output (single -m for an obsolete format) -t		Show bus tree  Display options: -v		Be verbose (-vv or -vvv for higher verbosity) -k		Show kernel drivers handling each device -x		Show hex-dump of the standard part of the config space -xxx		Show hex-dump of the whole config space (dangerous; root only) -xxxx		Show hex-dump of the 4096-byte extended config space (root only) -b		Bus-centric view (addresses and IRQ's as seen by the bus) -D		Always show domain numbers -P		Display bridge path in addition to bus and device number -PP		Display bus path in addition to bus and device number  Resolving of device ID's to names: -n		Show numeric ID's -nn		Show both textual and numeric ID's (names & numbers) -q		Query the PCI ID database for unknown ID's via DNS -qq		As above, but re-query locally cached entries -Q		Query the PCI ID database for all ID's via DNS  Selection of devices: -s [[[[<domain>]:]<bus>]:][<slot>][.[<func>]]	Show only devices in selected slots -d [<vendor>]:[<device>][:<class>]		Show only devices with specified ID's  Other options: -i <file>	Use specified ID database instead of /usr/share/misc/pci.ids.gz -p <file>	Look up kernel modules in a given file instead of default modules.pcimap -M		Enable `bus mapping' mode (dangerous; root only)  PCI access options: -A <method>	Use the specified PCI access method (see `-A help' for a list) -O <par>=<val>	Set PCI access parameter (see `-O help' for a list) -G		Enable PCI access debugging -H <mode>	Use direct hardware access (<mode> = 1 or 2) -F <file>	Read PCI configuration dump from a given file

  4. List installed USB devices using lsusb. 

    $ lsusb Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 004: ID 0e0f:0008 VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual USB Mouse Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0e0f:0002 VMware, Inc. Virtual USB Hub Bus 002 Device 002: ID 0e0f:0003 VMware, Inc. Virtual Mouse Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub

    More options for lsusb: 

    $ lsusb --help Usage: lsusb [options]... List USB devices   -v, --verbose       Increase verbosity (show descriptors)   -s [[bus]:][devnum]       Show only devices with specified device and/or       bus numbers (in decimal)   -d vendor:[product]       Show only devices with the specified vendor and       product ID numbers (in hexadecimal)   -D device       Selects which device lsusb will examine   -t, --tree       Dump the physical USB device hierarchy as a tree   -V, --version       Show version of program   -h, --help       Show usage and help

  5. View CPU architecture details using lscpu. 

    $ lscpu Architecture:                    x86_64 CPU op-mode(s):                  32-bit, 64-bit Byte Order:                      Little Endian Address sizes:                   45 bits physical, 48 bits virtual CPU(s):                          2 On-line CPU(s) list:             0,1 Thread(s) per core:              1 Core(s) per socket:              1 Socket(s):                       2 NUMA node(s):                    1 Vendor ID:                       GenuineIntel CPU family:                      6 Model:                           158 Model name:                      Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-9880H CPU @ 2.30GHz Stepping:                        13 CPU MHz:                         2304.000 BogoMIPS:                        4608.00 Hypervisor vendor:               VMware Virtualization type:             full L1d cache:                       64 KiB L1i cache:                       64 KiB L2 cache:                        512 KiB L3 cache:                        32 MiB NUMA node0 CPU(s):               0,1 Vulnerability Itlb multihit:     KVM: Mitigation: VMX unsupported Vulnerability L1tf:              Not affected Vulnerability Mds:               Not affected Vulnerability Meltdown:          Not affected Vulnerability Spec store bypass: Mitigation; Speculative Store Bypass disabled                                   via prctl and seccomp Vulnerability Spectre v1:        Mitigation; usercopy/swapgs barriers and __use                                  r pointer sanitization Vulnerability Spectre v2:        Mitigation; Enhanced IBRS, IBPB conditional, R                                  SB filling Vulnerability Srbds:             Mitigation; TSX disabled Vulnerability Tsx async abort:   Not affected Flags:                           fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mt                                  rr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse                                   sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant                                  _tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable                                   nonstop_tsc cpuid pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16                                   pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_de                                  adline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervi                                  sor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch cpuid_fault invp                                  cid_single ssbd ibrs ibpb stibp ibrs_enhanced                                   fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpci                                  d rdseed adx smap clflushopt xsaveopt xsavec x                                  getbv1 xsaves arat md_clear flush_l1d arch_cap                                  abilities

    More options for lscpu: 

    $ lscpu --help  Usage:  lscpu [options]  Display information about the CPU architecture.  Options:  -a, --all               print both online and offline CPUs (default for -e)  -b, --online            print online CPUs only (default for -p)  -B, --bytes             print sizes in bytes rather than in human readable format  -C, --caches[=<list>]   info about caches in extended readable format  -c, --offline           print offline CPUs only  -J, --json              use JSON for default or extended format  -e, --extended[=<list>] print out an extended readable format  -p, --parse[=<list>]    print out a parsable format  -s, --sysroot <dir>     use specified directory as system root  -x, --hex               print hexadecimal masks rather than lists of CPUs  -y, --physical          print physical instead of logical IDs      --output-all        print all available columns for -e, -p or -C   -h, --help              display this help  -V, --version           display version  Available output columns for -e or -p:            CPU  logical CPU number           CORE  logical core number         SOCKET  logical socket number           NODE  logical NUMA node number           BOOK  logical book number         DRAWER  logical drawer number          CACHE  shows how caches are shared between CPUs   POLARIZATION  CPU dispatching mode on virtual hardware        ADDRESS  physical address of a CPU     CONFIGURED  shows if the hypervisor has allocated the CPU         ONLINE  shows if Linux currently makes use of the CPU         MAXMHZ  shows the maximum MHz of the CPU         MINMHZ  shows the minimum MHz of the CPU  Available output columns for -C:       ALL-SIZE  size of all system caches          LEVEL  cache level           NAME  cache name       ONE-SIZE  size of one cache           TYPE  cache type           WAYS  ways of associativity  For more details see lscpu(1).

  6. View memory information using lsmem. 

    $ lsmem RANGE                                 SIZE  STATE REMOVABLE BLOCK 0x0000000000000000-0x00000000bfffffff   3G online       yes  0-23 0x0000000100000000-0x000000013fffffff   1G online       yes 32-39  Memory block size:       128M Total online memory:       4G Total offline memory:      0B

    More options for lsmem: 

    $ lsmem --help  Usage:  lsmem [options]  List the ranges of available memory with their online status.  Options:  -J, --json           use JSON output format  -P, --pairs          use key="value" output format  -a, --all            list each individual memory block  -b, --bytes          print SIZE in bytes rather than in human readable format  -n, --noheadings     don't print headings  -o, --output <list>  output columns      --output-all     output all columns  -r, --raw            use raw output format  -S, --split <list>   split ranges by specified columns  -s, --sysroot <dir>  use the specified directory as system root      --summary[=when] print summary information (never,always or only)   -h, --help           display this help  -V, --version        display version  Available output columns:       RANGE  start and end address of the memory range        SIZE  size of the memory range       STATE  online status of the memory range   REMOVABLE  memory is removable       BLOCK  memory block number or blocks range        NODE  numa node of memory       ZONES  valid zones for the memory range  For more details see lsmem(1).

  7. List installed block devices using lsblk. 

    $ lsblk  NAME   MAJ:MIN RM   SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT loop0    7:0    0 135.8M  1 loop /snap/chromium/1461 loop1    7:1    0 135.7M  1 loop /snap/chromium/1466 loop2    7:2    0  55.4M  1 loop /snap/core18/1932 loop3    7:3    0 162.9M  1 loop /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/145 loop4    7:4    0    51M  1 loop /snap/snap-store/498 loop5    7:5    0  31.1M  1 loop /snap/snapd/10707 loop6    7:6    0  31.1M  1 loop /snap/snapd/10492 loop7    7:7    0    51M  1 loop /snap/snap-store/518 loop8    7:8    0 161.4M  1 loop /snap/gnome-3-28-1804/128 loop9    7:9    0  55.4M  1 loop /snap/core18/1944 loop10   7:10   0  62.1M  1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1506 loop11   7:11   0   219M  1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66 loop12   7:12   0 217.9M  1 loop /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/60 loop13   7:13   0  64.8M  1 loop /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514 sda      8:0    0    20G  0 disk  ├─sda1   8:1    0   512M  0 part /boot/efi ├─sda2   8:2    0     1K  0 part  └─sda5   8:5    0  19.5G  0 part / sr0     11:0    1  1024M  0 rom

    More options for lsblk: 

    $ lsblk --help  Usage:  lsblk [options] [<device> ...]  List information about block devices.  Options:  -D, --discard        print discard capabilities  -E, --dedup <column> de-duplicate output by <column>  -I, --include <list> show only devices with specified major numbers  -J, --json           use JSON output format  -O, --output-all     output all columns  -P, --pairs          use key="value" output format  -S, --scsi           output info about SCSI devices  -T, --tree[=<column>] use tree format output  -a, --all            print all devices  -b, --bytes          print SIZE in bytes rather than in human readable format  -d, --nodeps         don't print slaves or holders  -e, --exclude <list> exclude devices by major number (default: RAM disks)  -f, --fs             output info about filesystems  -i, --ascii          use ascii characters only  -l, --list           use list format output  -M, --merge          group parents of sub-trees (usable for RAIDs, Multi-path)  -m, --perms          output info about permissions  -n, --noheadings     don't print headings  -o, --output <list>  output columns  -p, --paths          print complete device path  -r, --raw            use raw output format  -s, --inverse        inverse dependencies  -t, --topology       output info about topology  -z, --zoned          print zone model  -x, --sort <column>  sort output by <column>      --sysroot <dir>  use specified directory as system root   -h, --help           display this help  -V, --version        display version  Available output columns:         NAME  device name        KNAME  internal kernel device name         PATH  path to the device node      MAJ:MIN  major:minor device number      FSAVAIL  filesystem size available       FSSIZE  filesystem size       FSTYPE  filesystem type       FSUSED  filesystem size used       FSUSE%  filesystem use percentage   MOUNTPOINT  where the device is mounted        LABEL  filesystem LABEL         UUID  filesystem UUID       PTUUID  partition table identifier (usually UUID)       PTTYPE  partition table type     PARTTYPE  partition type UUID    PARTLABEL  partition LABEL     PARTUUID  partition UUID    PARTFLAGS  partition flags           RA  read-ahead of the device           RO  read-only device           RM  removable device      HOTPLUG  removable or hotplug device (usb, pcmcia, ...)        MODEL  device identifier       SERIAL  disk serial number         SIZE  size of the device        STATE  state of the device        OWNER  user name        GROUP  group name         MODE  device node permissions    ALIGNMENT  alignment offset       MIN-IO  minimum I/O size       OPT-IO  optimal I/O size      PHY-SEC  physical sector size      LOG-SEC  logical sector size         ROTA  rotational device        SCHED  I/O scheduler name      RQ-SIZE  request queue size         TYPE  device type     DISC-ALN  discard alignment offset    DISC-GRAN  discard granularity     DISC-MAX  discard max bytes    DISC-ZERO  discard zeroes data        WSAME  write same max bytes          WWN  unique storage identifier         RAND  adds randomness       PKNAME  internal parent kernel device name         HCTL  Host:Channel:Target:Lun for SCSI         TRAN  device transport type   SUBSYSTEMS  de-duplicated chain of subsystems          REV  device revision       VENDOR  device vendor        ZONED  zone model  For more details see lsblk(8).

  8. List available special or device files in /dev directory. 

    $ ls /dev agpgart          loop12        snapshot  tty34  tty9       uhid autofs           loop13        snd       tty35  ttyprintk  uinput block            loop14        sr0       tty36  ttyS0      urandom bsg              loop2         stderr    tty37  ttyS1      userio btrfs-control    loop3         stdin     tty38  ttyS10     vcs bus              loop4         stdout    tty39  ttyS11     vcs1 cdrom            loop5         tty       tty4   ttyS12     vcs2 cdrw             loop6         tty0      tty40  ttyS13     vcs3 char             loop7         tty1      tty41  ttyS14     vcs4 console          loop8         tty10     tty42  ttyS15     vcs5 core             loop9         tty11     tty43  ttyS16     vcs6 cpu_dma_latency  loop-control  tty12     tty44  ttyS17     vcsa cuse             mapper        tty13     tty45  ttyS18     vcsa1 disk             mcelog        tty14     tty46  ttyS19     vcsa2 dma_heap         mem           tty15     tty47  ttyS2      vcsa3 dri              mqueue        tty16     tty48  ttyS20     vcsa4 dvd              net           tty17     tty49  ttyS21     vcsa5 ecryptfs         null          tty18     tty5   ttyS22     vcsa6 fb0              nvram         tty19     tty50  ttyS23     vcsu fd               port          tty2      tty51  ttyS24     vcsu1 full             ppp           tty20     tty52  ttyS25     vcsu2 fuse             psaux         tty21     tty53  ttyS26     vcsu3 hidraw0          ptmx          tty22     tty54  ttyS27     vcsu4 hpet             pts           tty23     tty55  ttyS28     vcsu5 hugepages        random        tty24     tty56  ttyS29     vcsu6 hwrng            rfkill        tty25     tty57  ttyS3      vfio initctl          rtc           tty26     tty58  ttyS30     vga_arbiter input            rtc0          tty27     tty59  ttyS31     vhci kmsg             sda           tty28     tty6   ttyS4      vhost-net lightnvm         sda1          tty29     tty60  ttyS5      vhost-vsock log              sda2          tty3      tty61  ttyS6      vmci loop0            sda5          tty30     tty62  ttyS7      vsock loop1            sg0           tty31     tty63  ttyS8      zero loop10           sg1           tty32     tty7   ttyS9      zfs loop11           shm           tty33     tty8   udmabuf

  9. View Desktop Management Interface (DMI) information using dmidecode. 

    $ sudo dmidecode # dmidecode 3.2 Getting SMBIOS data from sysfs. SMBIOS 2.7 present. 620 structures occupying 29060 bytes. Table at 0x000E0010.  Handle 0x0000, DMI type 0, 24 bytes BIOS Information 	Vendor: Phoenix Technologies LTD 	Version: 6.00 	Release Date: 07/22/2020 	Address: 0xEA480 	Runtime Size: 88960 bytes 	ROM Size: 64 kB 	Characteristics: 		ISA is supported 		PCI is supported 		PC Card (PCMCIA) is supported 		PNP is supported 		APM is supported 		BIOS is upgradeable 		BIOS shadowing is allowed 		ESCD support is available 		Boot from CD is supported 		Selectable boot is supported 		EDD is supported 		Print screen service is supported (int 5h) 		8042 keyboard services are supported (int 9h) 		Serial services are supported (int 14h) 		Printer services are supported (int 17h) 		CGA/mono video services are supported (int 10h) 		ACPI is supported 		Smart battery is supported 		BIOS boot specification is supported 		Function key-initiated network boot is supported 		Targeted content distribution is supported 	BIOS Revision: 4.6 	Firmware Revision: 0.0  Handle 0x0001, DMI type 1, 27 bytes System Information 	Manufacturer: VMware, Inc. 	Product Name: VMware Virtual Platform 	Version: None 	Serial Number: VMware-56 4d 6d 49 cc cb 86 de-d4 ca fa ad 4b cf 54 30 	UUID: 496d4d56-cbcc-de86-d4ca-faad4bcf5430 	Wake-up Type: Power Switch 	SKU Number: Not Specified 	Family: Not Specified ##### snipped

    More options for dmidecode: 

    $ dmidecode --help Usage: dmidecode [OPTIONS] Options are:  -d, --dev-mem FILE     Read memory from device FILE (default: /dev/mem)  -h, --help             Display this help text and exit  -q, --quiet            Less verbose output  -s, --string KEYWORD   Only display the value of the given DMI string  -t, --type TYPE        Only display the entries of given type  -H, --handle HANDLE    Only display the entry of given handle  -u, --dump             Do not decode the entries      --dump-bin FILE    Dump the DMI data to a binary file      --from-dump FILE   Read the DMI data from a binary file      --no-sysfs         Do not attempt to read DMI data from sysfs files      --oem-string N     Only display the value of the given OEM string  -V, --version          Display the version and exit

  10. View hardware devices and related kernel information in sysfs. 

    $ cat /sys/class/power_supply/ACAD/type  Mains

  11. View hardware and system details in proc filesystem (procfs). 

    $ cat /proc/meminfo MemTotal:        4000788 kB MemFree:         2435468 kB MemAvailable:    2901532 kB Buffers:           50048 kB Cached:           585872 kB SwapCached:            0 kB Active:           803460 kB Inactive:         345520 kB Active(anon):     514404 kB Inactive(anon):      768 kB Active(file):     289056 kB Inactive(file):   344752 kB Unevictable:          16 kB Mlocked:              16 kB SwapTotal:        945416 kB SwapFree:         945416 kB Dirty:               232 kB Writeback:             0 kB AnonPages:        513136 kB Mapped:           243012 kB Shmem:              2116 kB KReclaimable:      73988 kB Slab:             187708 kB SReclaimable:      73988 kB SUnreclaim:       113720 kB KernelStack:       10144 kB PageTables:        10984 kB NFS_Unstable:          0 kB Bounce:                0 kB WritebackTmp:          0 kB CommitLimit:     2945808 kB Committed_AS:    3216804 kB VmallocTotal:   34359738367 kB VmallocUsed:       24172 kB VmallocChunk:          0 kB Percpu:            94720 kB HardwareCorrupted:     0 kB AnonHugePages:         0 kB ShmemHugePages:        0 kB ShmemPmdMapped:        0 kB FileHugePages:         0 kB FilePmdMapped:         0 kB HugePages_Total:       0 HugePages_Free:        0 HugePages_Rsvd:        0 HugePages_Surp:        0 Hugepagesize:       2048 kB Hugetlb:               0 kB DirectMap4k:      276288 kB DirectMap2M:     2869248 kB DirectMap1G:     3145728 kB

  12. View kernel diagnostic message using dmesg to search for related hardware information. 

    $ dmesg [    0.000000] Linux version 5.8.0-41-generic (buildd@lgw01-amd64-003) (gcc (Ubuntu 9.3.0-17ubuntu1~20.04) 9.3.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34) #46~20.04.1-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jan 18 17:52:23 UTC 2021 (Ubuntu 5.8.0-41.46~20.04.1-generic 5.8.18) [    0.000000] Command line: BOOT_IMAGE=/boot/vmlinuz-5.8.0-41-generic root=UUID=8e7d73f3-e847-46a2-abcd-f505ec2a73f7 ro quiet splash [    0.000000] KERNEL supported cpus: [    0.000000]   Intel GenuineIntel [    0.000000]   AMD AuthenticAMD [    0.000000]   Hygon HygonGenuine [    0.000000]   Centaur CentaurHauls [    0.000000]   zhaoxin   Shanghai   [    0.000000] Disabled fast string operations [    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x001: 'x87 floating point registers' [    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x002: 'SSE registers' [    0.000000] x86/fpu: Supporting XSAVE feature 0x004: 'AVX registers' [    0.000000] x86/fpu: xstate_offset[2]:  576, xstate_sizes[2]:  256 [    0.000000] x86/fpu: Enabled xstate features 0x7, context size is 832 bytes, using 'compacted' format. [    0.000000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map: [    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000000000-0x000000000009e7ff] usable [    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x000000000009e800-0x000000000009ffff] reserved [    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000000dc000-0x00000000000fffff] reserved [    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x0000000000100000-0x00000000bfecffff] usable [    0.000000] BIOS-e820: [mem 0x00000000bfed0000-0x00000000bfefefff] ACPI data ##### snipped

    More options for dmesg: 

    $ dmesg --help  Usage:  dmesg [options]  Display or control the kernel ring buffer.  Options:  -C, --clear                 clear the kernel ring buffer  -c, --read-clear            read and clear all messages  -D, --console-off           disable printing messages to console  -E, --console-on            enable printing messages to console  -F, --file <file>           use the file instead of the kernel log buffer  -f, --facility <list>       restrict output to defined facilities  -H, --human                 human readable output  -k, --kernel                display kernel messages  -L, --color[=<when>]        colorize messages (auto, always or never)                                colors are enabled by default  -l, --level <list>          restrict output to defined levels  -n, --console-level <level> set level of messages printed to console  -P, --nopager               do not pipe output into a pager  -p, --force-prefix          force timestamp output on each line of multi-line messages  -r, --raw                   print the raw message buffer  -S, --syslog                force to use syslog(2) rather than /dev/kmsg  -s, --buffer-size <size>    buffer size to query the kernel ring buffer  -u, --userspace             display userspace messages  -w, --follow                wait for new messages  -x, --decode                decode facility and level to readable string  -d, --show-delta            show time delta between printed messages  -e, --reltime               show local time and time delta in readable format  -T, --ctime                 show human-readable timestamp (may be inaccurate!)  -t, --notime                don't show any timestamp with messages      --time-format <format>  show timestamp using the given format:                                [delta|reltime|ctime|notime|iso] Suspending/resume will make ctime and iso timestamps inaccurate.   -h, --help                  display this help  -V, --version               display version  Supported log facilities:     kern - kernel messages     user - random user-level messages     mail - mail system   daemon - system daemons     auth - security/authorization messages   syslog - messages generated internally by syslogd      lpr - line printer subsystem     news - network news subsystem  Supported log levels (priorities):    emerg - system is unusable    alert - action must be taken immediately     crit - critical conditions      err - error conditions     warn - warning conditions   notice - normal but significant condition     info - informational    debug - debug-level messages  For more details see dmesg(1).